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- <text id=89TT3190>
- <title>
- Dec. 04, 1989: Of Turncoats And Scapegoats
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Dec. 04, 1989 Women Face The '90s
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- EAST-WEST, Page 29
- Of Turncoats and Scapegoats
- </hdr><body>
- <p>In East Germany pent-up anger leads to retribution
- </p>
- <p>By Frederick Painton
- </p>
- <p> East Germany's gentle revolution turned a little nasty last
- week. The euphoria that had accompanied the crumbling of the
- Berlin Wall was followed by a wave of bitterness against the
- hard-line Communist leadership, under the now ousted Erich
- Honecker, that had stifled East German lives for two
- generations. Some of the anger also sprang from the realization,
- following the opening of borders to West Germany, that the East
- German economy was in worse shape than the citizenry had
- realized.
- </p>
- <p> In hundreds of meetings across the country, including
- Communist Party gatherings, people poured out their disgust,
- demanding that their former leaders be investigated and, if
- necessary, tried and punished. Inevitably, perhaps, the time for
- retribution had come. During one of the almost nightly mass
- rallies in Leipzig, the mood was summed up by a young speaker
- who condemned the regime, shouting "You treated us like a herd
- of cattle!"
- </p>
- <p> Similarly, at a meeting of the opposition group New Forum
- in Potsdam's Erloser Church, an overflow crowd of 5,000 booed,
- whistled and stamped their feet when party theoretician Otto
- Reinhold, until recently one of the East German guardians of
- Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy, proclaimed his conversion to reform
- by saying that the constitutionally enshrined leading role of
- the Socialist Unity Party (S.E.D.) was a thing of the past. From
- the audience a voice shouted, "Wendehals!" (turncoat),
- unleashing an uproar in the audience.
- </p>
- <p> Wendehals literally means turn neck, the name of a rare
- bird that can twist its head 180 degrees; the word has been
- adopted by East Germans to refer to the thousands of Communist
- Party officials, from Egon Krenz, the current party leader, down
- to district secretaries, who overnight began to sound as if they
- had joined the pro-democracy movement. A favorite target is
- Gunter Mittag, the recently sacked Politburo member in charge
- of the economy. Described by the newly outspoken East German
- press as arrogant and autocratic, Mittag is being held
- responsible for wrecking the economy and cooking the figures to
- such an extent that reformers cannot find accurate economic data
- with which to work. Prime Minister Hans Modrow, the moderate
- former Dresden party chief who himself was investigated in June
- by Mittag and his minions, welcomed parliament's decision to
- probe abuses of power under Honecker. Said he: "An example must
- be set."
- </p>
- <p> Krenz, almost pleading for credibility, faced an uphill
- struggle as popular demands for a reckoning grew. In East
- Berlin a government television team entered the so-called
- "forbidden city" of Wandlitz, situated on a lake outside Berlin,
- to show the public how the elite, including Krenz, had lived in
- luxury, enjoying servants, limousines and imported Western
- delicacies -- a life-style totally removed from the generally
- spartan existence of most East Germans. The compound is
- surrounded by a wall; no photographs of it have been published
- until now. Krenz moved from Wandlitz to a small apartment in
- East Berlin a few weeks ago.
- </p>
- <p> At an open meeting in the East Berlin headquarters of the
- S.E.D.'s central committee, party member Friedrich Dreke, 39,
- charged that the leadership had enriched itself at the expense
- of the people and had run a "foreign currency mafia" with
- illegal sources of income. Declared Dreke: "What we need is a
- complete change of command in the party apparatus right up to
- the post of General Secretary."
- </p>
- <p> Krenz made it clear that he would fight to hold on to his
- job. "I am here to stay," he told factory workers near East
- Berlin. "I didn't take over just to push for change for a few
- weeks." Krenz said he was ready for an "unsparing investigation"
- of the party's mistakes and transgressions. He and the
- beleaguered Politburo also took a first step toward some form
- of power-sharing by proposing round-table talks on reform with
- non-Communist parties and legal opposition groups; the agenda
- would include changing the constitution, which currently gives
- the Communists the monopoly of power.
- </p>
- <p> In fact, each concession by Krenz seems to have created a
- fresh threat to his political survival. The opening of the
- borders to the West, for example, permitted a torrential outflow
- of East German marks, carried out by citizens who at last could
- use them, even at absurdly low rates, to buy something -- in the
- West. Fretted Prime Minister Modrow: "East Germany must not
- become a nation of speculators." The government's bewilderment
- underlined the problems encountered by a Communist leadership,
- albeit a reform-minded one, in coming face to face with the
- complexities of capitalism. Within a matter of days, the East
- German currency -- officially at parity with the deutsche mark
- -- fell to one-twentieth of its denominated value. One result
- is that foreigners as well as East Germans with access to hard
- currencies can buy up low-cost East German marks to purchase
- goods in East Germany that are subsidized at artificially low
- prices.
- </p>
- <p> To halt speculation, Modrow announced strict customs
- controls on the borders with the West. But East Germany's
- monetary crisis is likely to worsen, thereby increasing
- dependence on the deutsche mark -- and West Germany. Bonn, in
- the meantime, is withholding its promised assistance until it
- is convinced that East Berlin will introduce concrete and
- irrevocable reforms.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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